The Sweet Smell of Success
Part 1
By
R. Davies
The following article was written by Richard Davies, creator of the Living Green Range. This two-part article explores the radical effects that the olfactory world (our most ancient sense) has on modern man.
Until recently I had been working on a theory that the persona of an individual was / is being masked by synthetic "fragrance" leading to an inevitable breakdown of the bond between two people - even groups for that matter - after the true scent-of-self has been recognised.
I now realise that the research in this area has already advanced to a point where the layman (me) can hardly comprehend the psychological and even physiological change that a 'simple' odour can effect.
I think we all know that the chemicals detected by our sensory systems need to have certain properties. For instance, odour molecules must be small & light enough to be able to reach the nose and then dissolve in the mucus. This tells us that smell, unlike taste, can signal over long distances (an early warning device). We appear to have an innate ability to detect bad, aversive smells. One-day old babies give facial expressions that indicate rejection when given fish or rotten egg odour.
There are suggestions that smell can influence mood, memory, emotions, mate choice, the immune system and the endocrine system (skin & hormones). We can also communicate by smell - without knowing it. In fact the sense of smell could be said to be at the mind-body interface.
Fragrance manufacturers have for many years been trying to demonstrate that certain smells are relaxing. There are companies that market perfumes with claims that they do relax you. The problem is complicated by the many things that can affect psychological state.
The following excerpt taken from: Psychophysical evaluation of responses to pleasant and mal-odour stimulation in human subjects; adaptation, dose response and gender differences. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 48, 67-80
Good vs. bad smells
Nature seems to have arranged that once we have taken in the smell information conveyed by a bad smell, we either act (avoidance) or, if we assess that it is safe for the moment, we switch off. As soon as the level of bad smell changes we are aware of it again. This doesn't happen with good smells, emphasizing the point that good smells have little biological
significance - at least in terms of survival. Tell that to the perfume
manufacturers.
There are also other effects that can be measured under certain circumstances.
Smell of fear
Dogs and horses can smell fear in humans. Recent work by Denise Chen has demonstrated the ability of underarm odour to influence mood in others. Karl Grammer, in Vienna, has recently demonstrated that the smell of fear can be detected (by women) in the armpit secretions of people who watched a terrifying film .The implication of this work is that a chemical signal is secreted in sweat which communicates the emotion ants are already known to communicate in this way.
We seem to possess the ability to secrete compounds that can relay information about our mood to another person. Can we prove this more directly by experiment? If we know what these compounds are can they be used to alter mood?
Therapy using smell memory
If we smell (or taste something) before a negative experience, that smell (or taste) is linked to that experience. The memory is very robust. This can be a problem for unpleasant medical treatments, or surgery when the last meal is often associated with the pain or trauma. But this very effect could, in the future, be put to therapeutic advantage; if smell were to be associated with a positive, healing treatment then the smell itself can substitute for the treatment once the link has been reinforced. It works in rats!
Some very interesting research was published recently - insulin was injected into healthy male volunteers once a day for four days and their blood glucose was measured (it fell). At the same time, they were exposed to a smell. On the fifth day they were just given the smell, and, their blood glucose fell (Stockhorst & Gritzmann, (1999) Psychosomatic Medicine 61, 424-435).
Smell and mate choice
Recent work from Martha McClintock's lab in Chicago shows that women are able to detect minute differences in male immunotype by smell. Immunotype is conferred by HLA alleles, the genes that confer immunity in humans and determines our individual smell. We tend to prefer smell of people who have different HLA alleles to our own. This would mean the offspring of such a match would confer immune advantage - more different HLA alleles would be passed on to the kids giving them a greater degree of immunity. We tend to be repelled by people whose immunotype (HLA alleles) is similar to our own. It looks like we choose our partner on the basis of smell (Wedekind et al., 1997) - well it would be one factor anyway. So, why do we spend so much time, and money, disguising it?
My opinion is that the wearing of synthetic "deodorants" Is one of the causes of constant and increasingly mismatched partners in both business and/or romantic engagement.
Also, I think it worth mentioning that the alarming increase in breast cancer amongst women has for years been, and still is deodorants - they are being implicated as one of the main causes to toxic invasion of fatty tissue.
Special thanks to the following for their input and contributing content.
Prof Tim Jacobs
David Davies
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